Beang:IPA/Si̱pen
(Á̱ bwuak ndyo neet mi̱ vak Beang:IPA/Spanish)
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Si̱pen on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Si̱pen in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. |
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Spanish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-es}}, {{IPAc-es}}, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
For terms that are more relevant to regions that have not undergone yeísmo (where words such as haya and halla are pronounced differently), words spelled with Ta̱mpi̱let:Angle bracket can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʎ⟩. This unmerged pronunciation predominates in the Andes, lowland Bolivia, Paraguay, some rural regions of Spain and some of northern Spain's urban upper class.[1]
For terms that are more relevant to regions that have seseo (where words such as caza and casa are pronounced the same), words spelled with Ta̱mpi̱let:Angle bracket or Ta̱mpi̱let:Angle bracket (the latter only before Ta̱mpi̱let:Angle bracket or Ta̱mpi̱let:Angle bracket) can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨s⟩. This pronunciation is most commonly found outside mainland Spain.
In all other cases, if a local pronunciation is made, it should be labeled as "local" (e.g. {{IPA-es|...|local}}).
See Spanish phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Spanish, and Spanish dialects and varieties for regional variation.
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- ↑ Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 /b, d, ɡ, ʝ/ are pronounced as fricatives or approximants [β, ð, ɣ, ʝ] in all places (except after a pause, /n/ or /m/, or in the case of /d/ and /ʝ/ after /l/). In the latter environments they are stops [b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ] like English b, d, g, j, but are fully voiced in all positions, unlike in English. When it is distinct from /ʝ/, /ʎ/ is realized as an approximant [ʎ] in all positions Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcol.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 The distinction between /p, t, k/ and /b, d, ɡ/ is lost in word-internal syllable-final positions. The resulting realization varies from [p, t, k] to [b, d, ɡ] to [β, ð, ɣ], with the latter being the usual form in conversational style Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcol.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 When preceding a voiced consonant, /s, θ, f/ may be voiced ([[[:Ta̱mpi̱let:IPAplink]], Ta̱mpi̱let:IPAplink, Ta̱mpi̱let:IPAplink]), but since this is variable Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcoltxt, /s, θ, f/ are always transcribed with ⟨s, θ, f⟩ in this system.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Most speakers no longer distinguish /ʎ/ from /ʝ/; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See yeísmo and Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcoltxt for more information.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velars, they are [ŋ] and before labial consonants, they are [m]. The labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 The rhotic consonants, [r] and [ɾ], only contrast word-medially between vowels, where they are usually spelled Ta̱mpi̱let:Angle bracket and Ta̱mpi̱let:Angle bracket, respectively. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution: Word-initially, stem-initially, and after /l, n, s/, only [r] is found; before a consonant or pause, the two are interchangeable, but [ɾ] is more common (hence so represented here). Elsewhere, only [ɾ] is found. When two rhotics occur consecutively across a word or prefix boundary they result in one long trill, which is transcribed with ⟨ɾr⟩ in this key: dar rocas [daɾ ˈrokas], super-rápido [supeɾˈrapiðo] Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcol.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 In much of Hispanic America and in the southern half of Spain, /s/ in syllable-final positions is either pronounced as [h] or not pronounced at all. In transcriptions linked to this key, however, it is always represented by ⟨s⟩. The same applies to /θ/ in Southern European Spanish (represented by ⟨θ⟩ in transcriptions linked to this key).
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Northern and Central Spain distinguish between ⟨s⟩ (Ta̱mpi̱let:IPAslink) and soft ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩ (Ta̱mpi̱let:IPAslink). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical (which is called seseo) and pronounce them as Ta̱mpi̱let:IPAslink. In areas with the distinction, the alveolar sibilant is typically more retracted (often perceived as closer to the sh sound in ship) than in areas with seseo. Contrary to yeísmo, seseo is not a phonemic merger but the outcome of a different evolution of sibilants in southern Spain in comparison with northern and central dialects. There is a small number of speakers, mostly in southern Spain, who pronounce the soft ⟨c⟩, ⟨z⟩ and even ⟨s⟩ as Ta̱mpi̱let:IPAslink (a phenomenon called ceceo). See phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives and Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcoltxt for more information.
- ↑ /ʃ/ is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as [tʃ] or [s]; e.g. show [tʃow]~[sow].
- ↑ /x/ is pronounced as [h] in many accents such as those in the Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcol.
- ↑ The letter ⟨x⟩ represents /x/ only in certain proper names like Ximena and some placenames in current or former Mexico (e.g. Oaxaca and Texas).
- ↑ The letter ⟨h⟩ represents /x/ only in loanwords; in native words it is always silent.
- ↑ [j, w] are allophones of /i, u/ that manifest when unstressed and adjacent to another vowel. Mid vowels /e, o/ may also be realized as semivowels, as in [ˈpo̯eta, ˈmae̯stɾo] (poeta, maestro). Semivocalic realizations of /e, o/ may in addition be raised to [j, w], as in [ˈpweta, ˈmajstɾo], which is common in Latin America, but stigmatized in Spain Ta̱mpi̱let:Harvcol. Since both these phenomena are optional and predictable, they are not reflected in transcription ([poˈeta, maˈestɾo]).
- ↑ Some speakers may pronounce word-initial [w] with an epenthetic [ɡ] (e.g. Huila [ˈɡwila]~[ˈwila]).